![]() ![]() The diversity and complexity of Drosophila da neurons are ideal for studying neuronal fate determination, dendrite–dendrite interactions and dendrite–substrate interplay. The dendritic arborization (da) neurons of the peripheral sensory system in Drosophila larvae are a model system used to study dendritic arborization. For recent findings in zebrafish, refer to the outstanding review. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent progress in dendrite–epidermis interactions in the fruit fly and nematode systems. To date, mainly through studies of Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans and the vertebrate zebrafish, it has been demonstrated that the epidermis is not just passively innervated by dendrites, but in fact it actively instructs dendritic branching. In a little over a decade, researchers had uncovered molecular and cellular mechanisms intrinsic to dendritic arborization and began to reveal direct interactions between sensory dendrites and epidermal cells. DENDRITE BRANCHING SKINAlthough the skin has been known as a sensory organ for a long time, systematic studies of how sensory neurons generate dendrites only started in invertebrate systems in the 1990s. Sensory neurons that detect nociceptive stimulations extend highly branched dendrites to fully innervate the epidermis, making the skin the largest sensory organ. Noxious stimuli of high-temperature or mechanical type are detected via the skin, a sensory organ comprising epidermal cells that is conserved from nematodes to human. Over the course of evolution, metazoans have developed extremely specialized sensory organs to accomplish vision, hearing, taste, touch and smell. Sensing environmental information, such as mechanical, chemical or thermal stimulation, is essential for animal survival and fitness. ![]()
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